Everything about The Abyssal Zone totally explained
The
abyssal zone is the
pelagic zone that contains the very deep
benthic communities near the bottom of
oceans. Abyss is from the
Greek word meaning bottomless sea. At depths of 4,000 to 6,000 meters (13,123 to 19,685 feet), this zone remains in perpetual darkness and never receives daylight. Its permanent inhabitants – for example, the
Black swallower,
tripod fish, deep-sea
anglerfish, and the
giant squid – are able to withstand the immense pressures of the ocean depths, up to . Many abyssal creatures have underslung jaws to sift through the sand to catch food. The deep trenches or fissures that plunge down thousands of feet below the ocean floor – for example, the midoceanic trenches such as the
Mariana Trench in the
Pacific – are almost unexplored. Only the
bathyscaph Trieste and the
remote control submarine Kaiko have been able to descend to these depths. These regions are also characterized by continuous cold and lack of nutrients. The abyssal zone has temperatures around 2 to 3 degrees Celsius, but 13-15°C in the Mediterranean Sea.
The area below the Abyssal Zone is the sparsely inhabited
Hadal Zone. The zone above is the
Bathyal Zone. These three zones belong to the deep-sea realm. Above on the continental platform there are respectively the
Circalittoral, Infralittoral, Mediolittoral and
Supralittoral Zones . The
photic zone is independent from this classification.
See also
Further Information
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